Effects of the Indo-China Peninsula Heat Fluxes on the 1998 South China Sea Summer Monsoon

1. IntroductionBecause the South China Sea (SCS) is one of theregions where the Asian summer monsoon onset oc-curs earliest, the SCS summer monsoon (SCSSM) hasalways been a research focus, especially in recent yearswith the implementation of the SCS Monsoon Exper-iment (SCSMEX) (e.g., Tao and Chen, 1987; Changand Chen, 1995; Lau et al., 2000; Ding and Li, 1999;Ding and Liu, 2001; Li and Wu, 2000; Xie et al., 1998;Zhang et al., 2004). Climatologically, the SCSSM on-set is a rem…     

香港九龙大坑东地下蓄水方案数值研究

香港九龙大坑东地下蓄水方案(Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme-THTSS)是香港西九龙渠道改善二期计划的一个重要组成部分,其目标是解决香港九龙繁华拥挤、人口稠密的商业中心旺角一带的洪水淹没问题。THTSS即是在经常洪水淹没区域(大坑东和界限街水渠交接处)上游足球场下面建立一个100 000 m3的地下蓄水池。本文建立了一个能处理明渠缓流和急流、封闭管道有压流、侧流堰和渠道汇合处过渡流于一体的一维水力数学模型,用1:22正态物理模型恒定流下的结果进行验证。数值模型计算了在50年一遇暴雨下,非恒定洪水在不同的侧流堰方案下的流动过程。结合物理模型试验结果,选择最佳的地下蓄水方案。计算结果表明,大坑东地下蓄水方案确实能加强旺角地区地洪水控制能力,并能通过50年一遇暴雨的洪水。     

徐宿弧(安徽段北部)弱磁异常特征及其认识

查明徐宿弧(安徽段北部)隐伏岩体的赋存状况,圈定岩体与围岩的接触部位及找矿靶区并推测赋矿部位,是实施徐宿弧(安徽段)金多金属矿成矿背景调查的主要任务。徐宿弧(安徽段北部)为弱磁异常区,实测磁异常形态凌乱且难以识别。首先通过化极、滑动平均、匹配滤波、垂向一阶导数及向上延拓等方法进行多方法多参数变换数据处理,从弱磁异常中提取形态规则、易于识别的低缓异常; 然后对处理结果进行甄别对比,筛选出异常形态特征有利于地质解释的磁异常图,即: 低缓磁异常为叠加异常,总体呈NW方向延伸,覆盖面积较大,次级异常呈NNW-NE方向西凸的弧形延伸至前欧盘。同时,依据徐宿弧(安徽段北部)的地质背景及岩(矿)石磁性参数特征,通过对比分析实测磁异常与前欧盘闪长玢岩引起的磁异常特征,推测引起低缓异常的磁性地质体为隐伏中酸性复式岩体。该研究为徐宿弧(安徽段)金多金属矿成矿背景调查的综合解释及圈定找矿靶区提供了参考。     

徐宿弧(安徽段)深部重磁异常及其认识

为调查徐宿弧(安徽段)隐伏基底构造及深部隐伏岩体的分布,对深部重磁异常进行了分析判断.通过对收集、实测的重磁资料进行整理、筛选,采用化极、向上延拓、小波变换及水平一阶方向导数等进行数据处理;根据深部重磁异常特征结合区内的岩矿石物性特征及成矿地质背景分析,推测了铁佛寺-濉溪县-庄里的北东-北北东向隐伏基底构造及旗杆楼-萧县的东西向隐伏基底构造;新圈定了庄里深部隐伏复式岩体及淮北深部隐伏岩体,为徐宿弧(安徽段)地区进行矿产预测,提取示矿信息提供依据.     

厚覆盖区找矿“循环渐近式勘查技术体系”与应用

覆盖区找矿难度不仅与覆盖层厚度有关,还与覆盖层物性、水文地质条件以及矿体特征关系密切。覆盖区找矿突破是一个系统过程,需要经历选区—圈靶—定位—验证评价4个阶段,存在勘查选区、地质信息探测和多学科有效融合难题。前人较少研究覆盖区找矿突破过程与勘查技术体系,笔者等基于"现有技术+结合实际创新"思路,总结提出了厚覆盖区找矿"循环渐近式勘查技术体系",在实际应用中,能够提高找矿成功率,入选自然资源部《矿产资源节约和综合利用先进适用技术目录(2019年版)》。     

Ground–Space–Sky Observing System Experiment during Tropical Cyclone Mulan in August 2022

Forecasting tropical cyclone track and intensity is a great challenge for the meteorological community, and safeguarding the life and property of people living near the coast is an important issue. One major reason for challenging forecasts is the lack of observations over the vast oceans. During tropical cyclone Mulan between 8 and 10 August 2022over the northern part of the South China Sea, the meteorological authority and research institutes of Chinese mainland collaborated with the meteorolo...     

一株海洋红法夫酵母Phaffia rhodozyma RP-306产虾青素的发酵条件优化

为提高海洋红法夫酵母Phaffia rhodozyma RP-306的虾青素产量,本研究利用单因素和响应面实验对其发酵条件进行了优化。首先用单因素实验确定了蔗糖、酵母粉、硫酸铵、pH、温度和装液量6个因素的初始值,再利用Plackett-Burman实验筛选出了影响较大的3个因素:蔗糖、pH、温度,并采用最陡爬坡实验确定了因素的合理范围,最后采用响应面法中的中心组合设计进行优化,其优化发酵条件为:蔗糖29.93 g/L,酵母粉2.0 g/L,硫酸铵5.0 g/L,pH 5.27,温度19.9℃。在此条件下虾青素产量从13.46 mg/L提高到17.04 mg/L,比优化前提高了26.61%。以优化后发酵条件进行分批发酵,虾青素产量达到28.86 mg/L,为进一步发酵放大研究奠定了良好基础。     

基于多变量LSTM神经网络模型的风暴潮临近预报

台风的风暴潮是台风引发的一种重要次生灾害，对沿海城市带来的威胁是多方面的。及时准确地预报风暴潮，对沿海地区采取合理措施减少人员伤亡和经济损失具有重要意义。本文利用长短期记忆神经网络 （LSTM） 模型，综合考虑风速、 风向、气压等气象因素和前时序的潮位数据，建立了风暴潮的临近预报模型。结果表明，基于 LSTM 的临近预报模型具有相当的预报技巧，利用前时序的风速和风向数据以及潮位数据建立的模型可对风暴潮潮位进行准确地预测。研究还表明，仅考虑前时序潮位的预测模型误差最大，考虑气压后的模型预测能力有一定进步，而考虑风的要素以后，预测的效果提升更为明显。     

Structural Changes of a Tropical Cyclone during Landfall: β-plane Simulations

This study investigated the effects of landfall on the structure of a tropical cyclone (TC). Numerical simulations were performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model on a β-plane. Two landfall experiments, one with an east--west and another with a north--south oriented coastline, were performed. Similar to previous studies on an f-plane, large-scale flows in the low-to-middle troposphere were modified due to friction. A pair of counter rotating gyres was found, which was shown to be consistent with the slight deflection of the TC relative to the control experiment without land. Compared to previous f-plane simulations, because of the inherent asymmetries due to the β-gyres, the large-scale pattern of flows and convergences/divergences related to friction were found to depend on coastline orientations. On the other hand, regardless of the coastline orientation, convergences were found to be stronger to the left for both cases near landfall, as in previous f-plane simulations. Such a convergence pattern subsequently induced a change in convection and rainfall at the eyewall.     

Past and Future Changes in the Climate of Hong Kong

Over the years, the Hong Kong Observatory has carried out scientific studies to evaluate the observed climate trends and project the future climate in Hong Kong. Analysis of the meteorological observations at the observatory's headquarters in Tsim Sha Tsui since 1885 reveals that the temperature rise in Hong Kong during the past 124 years is in accord with the global rising trend. The accelerated rising trend in the mean temperature in last few decades may be attributed to the anthropogenic influences, especially urbanization. A similar increasing trend is also observed for rainfall. Other observations such as increasing cloud amount and decreasing total global solar radiation are all consistent with the global trend. Studies of past occurrences of extreme temperature and rainfall have also been carried out. The results indicate that cold episodes have become rarer while very hot days and heavy rain events are becoming more frequent. The observatory also makes use of the data from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and employs statistical downscaling techniques to carry out projections of temperature and precipitation in the 21st century. It is found that the rise in temperature in Hong Kong will be slightly higher than the global mean in the 21st century. The annual rainfall in Hong Kong is also expected to rise by the end of the 21st century, so is its year-to-year variability.